Demographics - Ireland
| GENERAL: | |||
|
Celtic tribes arrived on the island between 600-150 B.C. Invasions by Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. English invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. |
|||
|
A failed 1916 Easter Monday Rebellion touched off several years of guerrilla warfare that in 1921 resulted in independence from the UK for 26 southern counties; six northern (Ulster) counties remained part of the UK. |
|||
|
In 1948 Ireland withdrew from the British Commonwealth; it joined the European Community in 1973. Irish governments have sought the peaceful unification of Ireland and have cooperated with Britain against terrorist groups. |
|||
|
A peace settlement for Northern Ireland, known as the Good Friday Agreement and approved in 1998, is being implemented with some difficulties. |
|||
| GROGRAPHY: | |||
| Location: | Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain | ||
| Geographic coordinates: | 53 00 N, 8 00 W | ||
| Map references: | Europe | ||
| Area: | total: | 70,280 sq km | |
| land: | 68,890 sq km | ||
| water: | 1,390 sq km | ||
| Land boundaries: | total: | 360 km | |
| border countries: | UK 360 km | ||
| Coastline: | 1,448 km | ||
| Maritime claims: | territorial sea: | 12 nm | |
| exclusive fishing zone: | 200 nm | ||
| Climate: | temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time | ||
| Terrain: | mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast | ||
| Elevation extremes: | lowest point: | Atlantic Ocean 0 m | |
| highest point: | Carrauntoohil 1,041 m | ||
| Natural resources: | natural gas, peat, copper, lead, zinc, silver, barite, gypsum, limestone, dolomite | ||
| Land use: | arable land: | 16.82% | |
| permanent crops: | 0.03% | ||
| other: | 83.15% | ||
| Environment - current issues: | water pollution, especially of lakes, from agricultural runoff | ||
| Geography - note: | strategic location on major air and sea routes between North America and northern Europe; over 40% of the population resides within 100 km of Dublin | ||
| PEOPLE: | |||
| Population: | 4,062,235 | ||
| Age structure: | 0-14 years: | 20.9% (male 437,903/female 409,774) | |
| 15-64 years: | 67.6% (male 1,373,771/female 1,370,452) | ||
| 65 years and over: | 11.6% (male 207,859/female 262,476) | ||
| Median age: | total: | 34 years | |
| male: | 33.2 years | ||
| female: | 34.8 years | ||
| Population growth rate: | 1.15% | ||
| Birth rate: | 14.45 births/1,000 population | ||
| Death rate: | 7.82 deaths/1,000 population | ||
| Net migration rate: | 4.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population | ||
| Sex ratio: | at birth: | 1.07 male(s)/female | |
| under 15 years: | 1.07 male(s)/female | ||
| 15-64 years: | 1 male(s)/female | ||
| 65 years and over: | 0.79 male(s)/female | ||
| total population: | 0.99 male(s)/female | ||
| Infant mortality rate: | total: | 5.31 deaths/1,000 live births | |
| male: | 5.82 deaths/1,000 live births | ||
| female: | 4.76 deaths/1,000 live births | ||
| Life expectancy at birth: | total population: | 77.73 years | |
| male: | 75.11 years | ||
| female: | 80.52 years | ||
| Total fertility rate: | 1.86 children born/woman | ||
| Nationality: | noun: |
Irishman (men), Irishwoman (women), Irish (collective plural) |
|
| adjective: | Irish | ||
| Ethnic groups: | Celtic, English | ||
| Religions: | Roman Catholic 88.4%, Church of Ireland 3%, other Christian 1.6%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2%, none 3.5% | ||
| Languages: | English (official) is the language generally used, Irish (official) (Gaelic or Gaeilge) spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard | ||
| Literacy: | definition: | age 15 and over can read and write | |
| total population: | 99% | ||
| male: | 99% | ||
| female: | 99% | ||
| GOVERNMENT: | |||
| Country name: | conventional long form: | none | |
| conventional short form: | Ireland | ||
| local long form: | none | ||
| local short form: | Eire | ||
| Government type: | parliamentary democracy | ||
| Capital: | Dublin | ||
| Administrative divisions: | 26 counties; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Donegal, Dublin, Galway, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Mayo, Meath, Monaghan, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, Tipperary, Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow | ||
| note: Cavan, Donegal, and Monaghan are part of Ulster Province | |||
| Independence: | 6 December 1921 (from UK by treaty) | ||
| National holiday: | Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March | ||
| Constitution: | adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; effective 29 December 1937 | ||
| Legal system: | based on English common law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | ||
| Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal | ||
| Executive branch: | |||
| chief of state: | President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997) | ||
| head of government: | Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997) | ||
| cabinet: | Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives | ||
| elections: | president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for October 2011); note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election; prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president | ||
| election results: | Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6% | ||
| note: | government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats | ||
| Legislative branch: | bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of the Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats - 49 elected by the universities and from candidates put forward by five vocational panels, 11 are nominated by the prime minister; members serve five-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (166 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve five-year terms) | ||
| elections: | Senate - last held 16 and 17 July 2002 (next to be held by July 2007); House of Representatives - last held 17 May 2002 (next to be held by May 2007) | ||
| election results: | Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fianna Fail 30, Fine Gael 15, Labor Party 5, Progressive Democrats 4, independents and other 6; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 41.5%, Fine Gael 22.5%, Labor Party 10.8%, Sinn Fein 6.5%, Progressive Democrats 4.0%, Green Party 3.8%, other 10.9%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 81, Fine Gael 31, Labor Party 21, Sinn Fein 5, Progressive Democrats 8, Green Party 6, other 14 | ||
| Judicial branch: |
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and cabinet) |
||
| Political parties and leaders: | Fianna Fail [Bertie AHERN]; Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]; Green Party [Trevor SARGENT]; Labor Party [Pat RABITTE]; Progressive Democrats [Mary HARNEY]; Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS]; Socialist Party [Joe HIGGINS]; The Workers' Party [Sean GARLAND] | ||
| Flag description: | three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and orange; similar to the flag of Cote d'Ivoire, which is shorter and has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter and has colors of green (hoist side), white, and red | ||
| ECONOMY: | |||
| Economy - overview: | Ireland is a small, modern, trade-dependent economy with growth averaging a robust 7% in 1995-2004. Agriculture, once the most important sector, is now dwarfed by industry and services. Industry accounts for 46% of GDP, about 80% of exports, and 29% of the labor force. Although exports remain the primary engine for Ireland's growth, the economy has also benefited from a rise in consumer spending, construction, and business investment. Per capita GDP is 10% above that of the four big European economies and the second highest in the EU behind Luxembourg. Over the past decade, the Irish Government has implemented a series of national economic programs designed to curb price and wage inflation, reduce government spending, increase labor force skills, and promote foreign investment. Ireland joined in circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU nations. | ||
| GDP - real growth rate: | 4.70% | ||
| GDP - per capita (PPP): | $34,100 | ||
| GDP - composition by sector: | agriculture: | 5% | |
| industry: | 46% | ||
| services: | 49% | ||
| Labor force: | 2.03 million | ||
| Labor force - by occupation: | agriculture 8%, industry 29%, services 64% | ||
| Unemployment rate: | 4.20% | ||
| Population below poverty line: | 10% | ||
| Inflation rate (consumer prices): | 2.70% | ||
| Agriculture - products: | turnips, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wheat; beef, dairy products | ||
| Industries: | steel, lead, zinc, silver, aluminum, barite, and gypsum mining processing; food products, brewing, textiles, clothing; chemicals, pharmaceuticals; machinery, rail transportation equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles, ship construction and refurbishment; glass and crystal; software, tourism | ||
| Industrial production growth rate: | 3% | ||
| Exports - commodities: |
machinery and equipment, computers, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; live animals, animal products |
||
| Exports - partners: |
US 19.7%, UK 17.7%, Belgium 14.7%, Germany 7.7%, France 6%, Netherlands 4.6%, Italy 4.5% |
||
| Imports - commodities: |
data processing equipment, other machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products, textiles, clothing |
||
| Imports - partners: | UK 35.7%, US 13.8%, Germany 9%, Netherlands 4.3%, France 4.2% | ||
| Currency (code): | euro (EUR) | ||
| note: | on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries | ||
| Fiscal year: | calendar year | ||
| TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES: | |||
| Disputes - international: | Ireland, Iceland, and the UK dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm | ||
| Illicit drugs: | transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic drugs; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for Western Europe; despite recent legislation, narcotics-related money laundering - using bureaux de change, trusts, and shell companies involving the offshore financial community - remains a concern | ||
Site Admin.